import SwiftQuantumComputing // for macOS
//: 1. Compose a list of quantum gates. Insert them in the same order
//: you want them to appear in the quantum circuit
let matrix = Matrix([[.one, .zero, .zero, .zero],
[.zero, .one, .zero, .zero],
[.zero, .zero, .zero, .one],
[.zero, .zero, .one, .zero]])
let gates: [Gate] = [
.not(target: 0),
.hadamard(target: 1),
.phaseShift(radians: 0.25, target: 2),
.rotation(axis: .z, radians: 1, target: 3),
.matrix(matrix: matrix, inputs: [3, 2]),
.matrix(matrix: matrix, inputs: [0, 3]),
.oracle(truthTable: ["01", "10"],
controls: [0, 1],
gate: .rotation(axis: .x, radians: 0.5, target: 3)),
.oracle(truthTable: ["0"], controls: [0], target: 2),
.controlled(gate: .hadamard(target: 4), controls: [2]),
.controlled(gate: .matrix(matrix: matrix, inputs: [4, 2]), controls: [1, 0]),
.controlledNot(target: 0, control: 3)
]
//: 2. (Optional) Draw the quantum circuit to see how it looks
let drawer = MainDrawerFactory().makeDrawer()
drawer.drawCircuit(gates).get()
//: 3. Build the quantum circuit with the list of gates
let circuit = MainCircuitFactory().makeCircuit(gates: gates)
//: 4. Use the quantum circuit
let statevector = circuit.statevector().get()
print("Statevector: \(statevector)\n")
print("Probabilities: \(statevector.probabilities())\n")
print("Summarized probabilities: \(statevector.summarizedProbabilities())\n")
let groupedProbs = statevector.groupedProbabilities(byQubits: [1, 0],
summarizedByQubits: [4, 3, 2]).get()
print("Grouped probabilities: \(groupedProbs)")
print("Unitary: \(circuit.unitary().get())\n")
Check full code in Circuit.playground.
Check full code in Drawer.playground.
import SwiftQuantumComputing // for macOS
//: 0. Auxiliar functions
func configureEvolvedGates(in evolvedCircuit: GeneticFactory.EvolvedCircuit,
with useCase: GeneticUseCase) -> [Gate] {
var evolvedGates = evolvedCircuit.gates
if let oracleAt = evolvedCircuit.oracleAt {
if case .oracle(_, let controls, let gate) = evolvedGates[oracleAt].simplified,
case .not(let target) = gate {
evolvedGates[oracleAt] = Gate.oracle(truthTable: useCase.truthTable.truth,
controls: controls,
target: target)
} else {
fatalError("No oracle found")
}
}
return evolvedGates
}
func drawCircuit(with evolvedGates: [Gate], useCase: GeneticUseCase) -> SQCView {
let drawer = MainDrawerFactory().makeDrawer()
return try! drawer.drawCircuit(evolvedGates, qubitCount: useCase.circuit.qubitCount).get()
}
func probabilities(in evolvedGates: [Gate], useCase: GeneticUseCase) -> [String: Double] {
let circuit = MainCircuitFactory().makeCircuit(gates: evolvedGates)
let initialStatevector = try! MainCircuitStatevectorFactory().makeStatevector(bits: useCase.circuit.input).get()
let finalStatevector = try! circuit.statevector(withInitialStatevector: initialStatevector).get()
return finalStatevector.summarizedProbabilities()
}
//: 1. Define a configuration for the genetic algorithm
let config = GeneticConfiguration(depth: (1..<50),
generationCount: 2000,
populationSize: (2500..<6500),
tournamentSize: 7,
mutationProbability: 0.2,
threshold: 0.48,
errorProbability: 0.000000000000001)
//: 2. Also the uses cases, i.e. the circuit outputs you want to get
//: when the oracle is configured with the different truth tables
let cases = [
GeneticUseCase(emptyTruthTableQubitCount: 1, circuitOutput: "00"),
GeneticUseCase(truthTable: ["0", "1"], circuitOutput: "00"),
GeneticUseCase(truthTable: ["0"], circuitOutput: "10"),
GeneticUseCase(truthTable: ["1"], circuitOutput: "10")
]
//: 3. And which gates can be used to find a solution
let gates: [ConfigurableGate] = [HadamardGate(), NotGate()]
//: 4. Now, run the genetic algorithm to find/evolve a circuit that solves
//: the problem modeled with the use cases
let evolvedCircuit = MainGeneticFactory().evolveCircuit(configuration: config,
useCases: cases,
gates: gates).get()
print("Solution found. Fitness score: \(evolvedCircuit.eval)")
for useCase in cases {
//: 5. (Optional) Draw the solution
let evolvedGates = configureEvolvedGates(in: evolvedCircuit, with: useCase)
drawCircuit(with: evolvedGates, useCase: useCase)
//: 6. (Optional) Check how well the solution found meets each use case
let probs = probabilities(in: evolvedGates, useCase: useCase)
print(String(format: "Use case: [%@]. Input: %@ -> Output: %@. Probability: %.2f %%",
useCase.truthTable.truth.joined(separator: ", "),
useCase.circuit.input,
useCase.circuit.output,
(probs[useCase.circuit.output] ?? 0.0) * 100))
}
Check full code in Genetic.playground.
When it comes to get the statevector produced by a circuit, single-qubit gates & fully controlled matrix gates (i.e. controlled matrix gates where all inputs but one are controls) can be simulated faster. This algorithm decomposes any gate/s into an equivalent sequence of not gates and fully controlled phase shifts, z-rotations, y-rotations & not gates. In some cases, the new sequence will be faster to execute than the original. Notice that although the gates in the new sequence are faster to execute, this algorithm produces a lot of them.
import SwiftQuantumComputing // for macOS
let circuitFactory = MainCircuitFactory()
let drawer = MainDrawerFactory().makeDrawer()
let solver = MainTwoLevelDecompositionSolverFactory().makeSolver()
//: 1. Define gates
let gates = [
Gate.oracle(truthTable: ["000000", "101011"],
controls: [7, 5, 2, 10, 12, 14],
gate: .not(target: 0)),
Gate.oracle(truthTable: ["101011", "011000"],
controls: [14, 6, 10, 0, 11, 1],
gate: .hadamard(target: 3)),
Gate.oracle(truthTable: ["110101", "110011"],
controls: [3, 8, 4, 0, 13, 14],
gate: .phaseShift(radians: 0.25, target: 10))
]
//: 2. (Optional) Draw gates to see how they look
drawer.drawCircuit(gates).get()
//: 3. Build circuit and measure how long it takes to get the statevector
var start = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent()
circuitFactory.makeCircuit(gates: gates).statevector().get()
var diff = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent() - start
print("Original circuit executed in \(diff) seconds")
//: 4. Decompose gates into an equivalent sequence of fully controlled matrix gates and not gates
start = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent()
let decomposition = solver.decomposeGates(gates).get()
diff = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent() - start
print("Original circuit decomposed in \(diff) seconds")
//: 5. (Optional) Draw decomposition to see how it looks
drawer.drawCircuit(decomposition).get()
//: 6. Build a new circuit and measure how long it takes to get the statevector.
//: Single qubit gates & fully controlled gates are faster to execute, however this
//: descomposition produces a lot of them
start = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent()
circuitFactory.makeCircuit(gates: decomposition).statevector().get()
diff = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent() - start
print("Decomposed circuit executed in \(diff) seconds")
Check full code in TwoLevelDecomposition.playground.
import SwiftQuantumComputing // for macOS
//: 1. Define two integers
let a = 252
let b = 105
//: 2. Use Euclidean solver to find greatest common divisor of these integers
let gcd = EuclideanSolver.findGreatestCommonDivisor(a, b)
print("Greatest common divisor of \(a) & \(b): \(gcd)")
Check full code in EuclideanAlgorithm.playground.
import SwiftQuantumComputing // for macOS
//: 1. Define rational value to approximate
let value = Rational(numerator: 15, denominator: 11)
//: 2. And a limit or maximum difference between approximation and original value
let limit = Rational(numerator: 1, denominator: 33)
//: 3. Use Continued Fractions solver to find a solution
let approximation = ContinuedFractionsSolver.findApproximation(of: value,
differenceBelowOrEqual: limit).get()
print("Approximation for \(value) (limit: \(limit)): \(approximation)")
Check full code in ContinuedFractions.playground.
import SwiftQuantumComputing // for macOS
//: 1. Define system of XOR equations:
//: * `x6 ^ x4 ^ x2 ^ x1 = 0`
//: * ` x4 ^ x0 = 0`
//: * `x6 ^ x5 ^ x2 ^ x0 = 0`
//: * ` x4 ^ x3 ^ x1 ^ x0 = 0`
//: * ` x5 ^ x3 ^ x0 = 0`
//: * ` x4 ^ x3 ^ x1 = 0`
//: * ` x5 ^ x4 ^ x2 ^ x1 ^ x0 = 0`
let equations = [
"1010110",
"0010001",
"1100101",
"0011011",
"0101001",
"0011010",
"0110111"
]
//: 2. Build Gaussian elimination solver
let solver = MainXorGaussianEliminationSolverFactory().makeSolver()
//: 3. Use solver
print("Solutions: \(solver.findActivatedVariablesInEquations(equations))")
Check full code in XorGaussianElimination.playground.
Check following playgrounds for more examples:
Documentation for the project can be found here.
This package depends on BLAS if running on Linux, more exactly, Ubuntu.
This dependency is reflected in Package.swift
with CBLAS-Linux, which in turn expects to find the following file: /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/cblas-netlib.h
. So, after installing BLAS (in case it is not already there):
sudo apt-get install libblas-dev
Check cblas-netlib.h
is in the expected location.
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Swiftpack is being maintained by Petr Pavlik | @ptrpavlik | @swiftpackco